Smoking is a significant risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases. Due to social
pressures to quit smoking, many pregnant women are vaping as an alternative nicotine
source. However, the metabolic consequences of replacing tobacco cigarettes with e-
cigarettes during pregnancy are unknown. Therefore, in the mothers and their offspring, we
investigated the metabolic and hepatic impacts of replacing cigarette smoke with e-vapour
during pregnancy. Female BALB/c mice were either air-exposed or cigarette smoke …