The modern agriculture is heavily dependent on agrochemicals like fertilizer, pesticides, micronutrients and plant growth regulators for food and livelihood security in the world. In India, the consumption pattern of pesticides includes insecticides (61.11%), herbicides (22.22%) and fungicides (11.11%). Cotton and vegetables are high pesticides consuming agro-products followed by staple food grains (Rice, Wheat, Corn, Millets). The inappropriate toxic chemicals exposure is not only poisoning & killing of farm families but also dispersing pesticide residues in the environment causing mass killings of nonhuman biotas, such as bees, birds, amphibians, fish, and small mammals. The organophosphate (diazinon, malathion, coumaphos) pesticides affect the nervous system of human beings. Many Pesticides are not easily digestible, they persist in soil, leach to groundwater and surface water and contaminate the wide environment. DDT and Methyl parathion, BHC like toxic residues are also found in humans and other mammals due to bio-accumulated in food chain causing serious health hazards. This book chapter deals with Role of pesticide application in environmental degradation and its remediation strategies.