This study examines training pilot survey data in order to determine how students' years of
education and the institutions that they attend affect their perceptions of the risk factors in
aviation as assessed using the SHELL model (software, hardware, environment, and
liveware). The results reveal that student pilots lack confidence with respect to their
knowledge during flights; moreover, they fail to recognize the importance of maintaining
relationships among supporting staff such as air traffic controllers, mechanics, and others …