With this work we want to draw attention to a social problem that manifests itself with an increasingly strong intensity from year to year in Romania, namely school dropout problem, mainly due to deepening poverty (especially in rural areas but not only). In the elaboration of this work we started from processing and interpretation of statistical data provided by the National Institute of Statistics and the General Directorate of Social Assistance and Child Protection. Analysis of these data revealed that school dropout occurs from secondary education to the post high school and university levels. Develop programs, policies and actions to combat social problems is a goal of social assistance system with implications at the micro and macroeconomic level.