This article sheds light on the Schumpeterian entrepreneurship in the historical and contemporary context, J.A. Schumpeter (1883-1950) propounded a theory of entrepreneurship which was at quite variance with the then commonly accepted Marshallian entrepreneurship theory of entrepreneurship as establishment and successful or profitable organization of business organizations. As against this, Schumpeter’s entrepreneurship theory associates entrepreneurship not only with organizations of businesses, but also with Innovations or continuous business development. Schumpeter costs and entrepreneurship as the central factor of economic development. The result is not a doom of capitalism foreseen by least Marx, but a progressive free-enterprise system. Thus, it is the human factor which emerges as the dominant factor in business and economic development. The theory is of contemporary relevance, as evident from the current entrepreneurship and micro enterprises to combat multiple socioeconomic problems.