The emergence of annual species depends on the number of seeds present and the biotic
and abiotic conditions directly surrounding those seeds (the microsite). A field experiment
was conducted to study the relative importance of seed presence vs. microsite conditions in
determining the emergence of four annual species. Green foxtail, wild mustard, wild oat, and
canola were seeded at 200, 400, and 1,200 seeds m− 2 in separate plots in a coarse, loamy,
mixed Typic Haplocryoll and a fine, mixed Typic Haplocryoll soil. Five microsite modification …