Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death in women as in men, although
presentation in women is on average 7–10 years later. Recent temporal trends show
declining IHD incidence and mortality among men but not among women. Other gender
differences concern the prevalence of underlying mechanisms. Women more frequently than
men have nonobstructive epicardial artery disease, nonatherosclerotic spontaneous
coronary artery dissection, stress cardiomyopathy, plaque erosion, microvascular …