Silicon‐Containing Formal 4π‐Electron Four‐Membered Ring Systems: Antiaromatic, Aromatic, or Nonaromatic?

YF Yang, GJ Cheng, J Zhu, X Zhang… - … A European Journal, 2012 - Wiley Online Library
Chemistry–A European Journal, 2012Wiley Online Library
Density functional theory calculations (B3LYP) have been carried out to investigate the 4π‐
electron systems of 2, 4‐disila‐1, 3‐diphosphacyclobutadiene (compound 1) and the
tetrasilacyclobutadiene dication (compound 2). The calculated nucleus‐independent
chemical shift (NICS) values for these two compounds are negative, which indicates that the
core rings of compounds 1 and 2 have a certain amount of aromaticity. However, deep
electronic analysis reveals that neither of these two formal 4π‐electron four‐membered ring …
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations (B3LYP) have been carried out to investigate the 4π‐electron systems of 2,4‐disila‐1,3‐diphosphacyclobutadiene (compound 1) and the tetrasilacyclobutadiene dication (compound 2). The calculated nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) values for these two compounds are negative, which indicates that the core rings of compounds 1 and 2 have a certain amount of aromaticity. However, deep electronic analysis reveals that neither of these two formal 4π‐electron four‐membered ring systems is aromatic. Compound 1 has very weak, almost negligible antiaromaticity, and the amidinate ligands attached to the Si atoms play an important role in stabilizing this conjugated 4π‐electron system. The monoanionic bidentate ligand interacts with the conjugated π system to cause π‐orbital splitting. This ligand‐induced π‐orbital splitting effect provides an opportunity to manipulate the gap between occupied and unoccupied π orbitals in conjugated systems. Conversely, compound 2 is nonaromatic because its core ring does not have a conjugated π ring system and does not fulfill the requirements of a Hückel system.
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