Solitude experiences: Varieties, settings, and individual differences

CR Long, M Seburn, JR Averill… - Personality and Social …, 2003 - journals.sagepub.com
CR Long, M Seburn, JR Averill, TA More
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2003journals.sagepub.com
Solitude may be positive or negative, depending on situational and personal factors. From
prior research, nine types of solitude were identified. Based on data from a questionnaire
study of undergraduate participants, factor analysis suggests that these nine types can be
reduced to three dimensions, two positive and one negative. These are, respectively, Inner-
Directed Solitude (characterized by self-discovery and inner peace), Outer-Directed Solitude
(characterized by intimacy and spirituality), and Loneliness. Personality and value …
Solitude may be positive or negative, depending on situational and personal factors. From prior research, nine types of solitude were identified. Based on data from a questionnaire study of undergraduate participants, factor analysis suggests that these nine types can be reduced to three dimensions, two positive and one negative. These are, respectively, Inner-Directed Solitude (characterized by self-discovery and inner peace), Outer-Directed Solitude (characterized by intimacy and spirituality), and Loneliness. Personality and value correlates, as well as situational correlates, of the various types of solitude also were explored.
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