Stem cells: units of development, units of regeneration, and units in evolution
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Stem cells are not only units of biological organization, a clonal level are restricted to give
rise to T lymphocytes, responsible for the development and the regeneration B lymphocytes,
and natural killer (NK) cells (Kondo et of tissue and organ systems, but also are units in
evolual., 1997), and CMPs, which are progenitors for the mytion by natural selection. Stem
cells are generally deeloerythroid lineages (Akashi et al., 1999). CMPs give fined as
clonogenic cells capable of both self-renewal rise to myelomonocytic progenitors (GMPs) …
rise to T lymphocytes, responsible for the development and the regeneration B lymphocytes,
and natural killer (NK) cells (Kondo et of tissue and organ systems, but also are units in
evolual., 1997), and CMPs, which are progenitors for the mytion by natural selection. Stem
cells are generally deeloerythroid lineages (Akashi et al., 1999). CMPs give fined as
clonogenic cells capable of both self-renewal rise to myelomonocytic progenitors (GMPs) …
Stem cells are not only units of biological organization, a clonal level are restricted to give rise to T lymphocytes, responsible for the development and the regeneration B lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells (Kondo et of tissue and organ systems, but also are units in evolual., 1997), and CMPs, which are progenitors for the mytion by natural selection. Stem cells are generally deeloerythroid lineages (Akashi et al., 1999). CMPs give fined as clonogenic cells capable of both self-renewal rise to myelomonocytic progenitors (GMPs) and megaand multilineage differentiation (Till and McCulloch, karyotic/erythroid progenitors (MEPs)(Akashi et al., 1961; Metcalf and Moore, 1971). Stem cells can be di-1999). All of these populations (LT-HSCs, ST-HSCs, vided into a long-term subset, capable of indefinite self-MPPs, CLPs, CMPs, GMPs, and MEPs) are separable renewal, as well as a short-term subset that self-renews as pure populations using cell surface markers (Figure for a defined interval. Stem cells give rise to non–self 1B)(Akashi et al., 1999). renewing oligolineage progenitors, which in turn give In normal circumstances, no single step of dedifferenrise to progeny that are more restricted in their differentitiation or transdifferentiation occurs between hematoating potential, and finally to functionally mature cells. lymphoid progenitors (Figure 1B). The transcription pro-
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