In Appendix C, we provide evidence that suggests the public health measures placed during the COVID-19 pandemic made grocery shopping more costly. We use Google Community Mobility Reports (available at https://www. google. com/covid19/mobility/? hl= en) to document how people in the United States changed grocery shopping activity around the stay-at-home order. In Figure C. 1, each gray line represents how visits and length of stay at grocery stores changed in the 30 days before and after the stay-at-home order at each state (see Table C. 1 for the day when the stay-at-home order was implemented around the first wave of COVID-19 spread). The black line represents its countrywide average, weighted by the state population as of April 2020. They are reported in