… : enclaves can register a trusted handler to be run after an … instructions from malicious
singlestepping or zero-stepping (eg, … C-States and SpeedStep technology, we conclude that privi…

… for solving the data privacy and trust issues introduced by cloud … of zero-stepping attack
primitives on TDX out of scope. … tentially malicious interrupt pattern (4 and 5), the single-stepping …

… that now properly account for single-stepping adversaries. Highlighting its continued …
Techniques and technologies to address malicious single-stepping and zerostepping of trusted …

… set is determined by the physical address, a malicious OS can easily monitor a cache set for
… (single stepping) or even transiently execute one instruction arbitrarily often (zero stepping).…

… , integrating hardware-based trusted execution environments (… in all successful zero-stepping
samples. Conversely, failed … this feature can be maliciously manipulated to construct highly …

… Figure 3 shows how our malicious kernel driver establishes an … We abuse such zero-stepping
as an unlimited prefetch … to the single-stepping or eldu prefetching root-only techniques of …

… Even without single stepping, we achieve a success rate of … a privileged attacker, ie, a
malicious hypervisor for AMD SEV. … We introduced a robust single- and zero-stepping framework …

… may be compromised and behave maliciously. An application using … single-stepping
as described above and then sample the instruction an arbitrary number of times with zero-stepping. …

… The malicious OS scenario has enabled the development of … Many workloads today are
executed in trusted execution … excessive zero-stepping or very high single-stepping times …

… predictors, preventing malicious code from affecting the branch … is a competent IT/technology
specialist who is capable of … run, before the single-stepping adversary configures the APIC …