The CHAPTER14 Practice of Stakeholder Engagement1
Stakeholder theory is currently having a broad impact on a variety of topics in organizational
research. Since Freeman's (1984) influential work, stakeholder theory has been used to
examine multiple phenomena in various fields, such as strategic management (eg,
Haksever, Chaganti, & Cook, 2004; Harrison, Bosse, & Phillips, 2010; Sachs & Rühli, 2011),
corporate responsibility (eg, Kujala, et al., 2017; Sachs & Maurer, 2009; Smith & Rönnegard,
2016; Strand, Freeman, & Hockerts 2015), business ethics (eg, Phillips, 1997; Purnell & …
research. Since Freeman's (1984) influential work, stakeholder theory has been used to
examine multiple phenomena in various fields, such as strategic management (eg,
Haksever, Chaganti, & Cook, 2004; Harrison, Bosse, & Phillips, 2010; Sachs & Rühli, 2011),
corporate responsibility (eg, Kujala, et al., 2017; Sachs & Maurer, 2009; Smith & Rönnegard,
2016; Strand, Freeman, & Hockerts 2015), business ethics (eg, Phillips, 1997; Purnell & …
Stakeholder theory is currently having a broad impact on a variety of topics in organizational research. Since Freeman’s (1984) influential work, stakeholder theory has been used to examine multiple phenomena in various fields, such as strategic management (eg, Haksever, Chaganti, & Cook, 2004; Harrison, Bosse, & Phillips, 2010; Sachs & Rühli, 2011), corporate responsibility (eg, Kujala, et al., 2017; Sachs & Maurer, 2009; Smith & Rönnegard, 2016; Strand, Freeman, & Hockerts 2015), business ethics (eg, Phillips, 1997; Purnell & Freeman, 2012; Wicks, 1996), and international business (eg, Lehtimäki & Kujala, 2017). When the theory was first proposed, stakeholder scholars were interested in who the most important stakeholders are and what their stakes or interests are in organizational settings (eg, Clarkson, 1995; Mitchell, Agle, & Wood, 1997). More recently, however, the focus has shifted toward stakeholder collaboration, cooperation, and engagement (& Stoelhurst, 2016; Harrison & Wicks, 2013; Tantalo & Priem, 2016). There is an increasing amount of literature on how organizations are applying these ideas about stakeholders in practice (Freeman, Kujala, & Sachs, 2017; Greenwood, 2007; Jones, Felps, & Bigley, 2007; Harrison, Freeman, & de Abreu, 2015; Heugens, van den Bosch, & van Riel, 2002; Jones et al., 2007). In recent years, stakeholder engagement, or “practicing the ideas of stakeholder theory,” has been developed by various public, private, and third-sector organizations. However,“stakeholder engagement” literature is still somewhat fragmented, and few scholars have attempted to develop a general framework for research on this subject (Freeman, et al., 2017). Such a framework would help to identify the relations between work on this subject as well as the topics on which further work should focus. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a structure for current work on stakeholder engagement based on a general framework as well as to identify work in this area that still must be done. We have organized the rest of this chapter as follows. First, we will structure stakeholder engagement research according to four key themes of stakeholder engagement practices. Then, based on an overview of recent stakeholder engagement literature, we will provide a theoretical guide for investigating stakeholder engagement with those four themes. Elaborating upon that, the chapter will then discuss avenues for future research into stakeholder engagement.
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