Before we begin, we outline the boundary conditions and foci of this chapter. First, the focus of the chapter is on the outcomes of workplace abuse. There is little attention to antecedents of workplace abuse, as this material is covered in other chapters of this volume. We recognize that antecedents may influence the attributions for the abusive experience (eg, the hostile personality of a coworker, the job stress of a situation) and in turn influence the nature of the outcomes; however, for our purposes, we assume these antecedents and attributions will contribute to the variability in the type and intensity of the outcomes felt. Second, our chapter addresses a broad spectrum of workplace abuses, ranging from high-intensity, extreme examples of workplace violence (eg, physical and sexual assault) to less intense but more frequent instances of workplace aggression, harassment, and bullying (eg, psychological aggression, gender harassment). Our goal is to be more inclusive of the work experiences of a greater number of employees. Third, throughout the chapter, our perspective will be that of the direct victims of workplace abuse. Although research has suggested that witnessing workplace abuse can have deleterious effects (Glomb et al., 1997; Glomb & Liao, 2003; Miner-Rubino & Cortina, 2004; Rogers & Kelloway, 1997; Schat & Kelloway, 2000; Schneider, 1996) and in certain occupations (eg, police officers) witnessing violence is a frequent antecedent of negative outcomes, our discussion focuses on the processes explaining outcomes for direct victims. That being said, many of the theoretical processes resulting in these outcomes would likely apply to witnessing abusive or violent acts, and thus generalizability to alternative forms of exposure may be reasonable. The chapter will be structured as follows: First, we will discuss a select number of empirical studies of the outcomes of workplace violence, aggression, and sexual harassment. This will provide a sense of the myriad outcomes that occur as a result of workplace abuse. Next, we will discuss the literatures on traumatic and chronic stress to provide theoretical explanations for these outcomes. Finally, we will discuss avenues for future research and implications for practice.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)