… 12, the remarkable urban transformation and … urban socio-economic restructuring and the
reorganization of the system of governance. The localization of the global and the globalization …

… economic restructuring and globalization have radically reshaped the fortunes of cities and
urban … accompanied the dynamics of economic restructuring and globalization. Processes of …

… and the interrelated expansion of the global circuits of capital. Decisive for this development
were … events given, at the time, in other European cities, such as Amsterdam and Berlin. The …

… economic policies. Often, these strategies involve harnessing the energies of leading cities
in a national economy through large-scale urban … able to harness global capital flows. The …

… regions within the FRG has led to a situation in which, despite continued north–south and
east–west spatial polarization, the globalized dynamism of the major cities underlies the …

… While economic restructuring is considered a major factor contributing to exclusion, it … cities
and urban regions, as well as processes of social inclusion/exclusion. Economic restructuring …

… regimes in the European countries and forewarns of a ‘rising European underclass’ … the
economy of the city, the less social upheaval and crises will be caused by economic restructuring…

… This socio-economic restructuring, combined with a mosaic of newly constructed built
environments with their associated increased rents, produces urban islands, a patchwork of …

… general conclusion regarding the outcome of economic restructuring and urban change is,
at best, patchy and ambiguous. If the concept of ‘dual’ or polarising city is of any real utility, it …

… Economic restructuring and the relatively high levels of … forms of social integration and
cohesion that developed in Europe, … countries –the degrees of fragmentation and polarization are …