Information infrastructure construction has become an essential support for the new global technological revolution and industrial change. To examine whether information infrastructure can mitigate the level of air pollution, this paper measures the development level of information infrastructure in each region using the entropy-TOPSIS method based on the data of 31 Chinese provinces from 2013 to 2020. On this basis, it explores the impact of information infrastructure on atmospheric pollution and its mechanism using spatial measures and mediating effects. The results show that: (1) Information infrastructure can effectively improve air quality, though its spatial spillover effect is not obvious. (2) In addition to directly reducing air pollution, information infrastructure can also improve air quality by influencing industrial structure upgrading, or by influencing technological innovation first and then industrial structure upgrading. By exploring the impact of information infrastructure on air pollution and its action path, this paper expects to provide some scientific reference value for the construction of information infrastructure under the background of the new global technological revolution.