In the PROCAM study hypertriglyceridaemia was much more common among men (18.6%) than women (4.2%). Prevalence increased with age in women, but remained nearly constant at about 20% in men aged 35 years or more.

In a multiple regression analysis a strong negative correlation between triglycerides and HDL cholesterol was found. A positive relationship was observed with cholesterol, blood glucose, factor VIIc, and PAI-1 in both sexes. Only in men, triglycerides are positively correlated with Apo A-1, body mass index, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. Postmenopausal women showed higher triglyceride levels than premenopausal women. No independent relationships were observed to age, blood pressure, Lp(a), Apo A-II, Apo B, AT-III, protein C, fibrinogen, and oral contraceptives.

A longitudinal analysis of data from 4474 male PROCAM participants aged 40–64 years with a follow-up of 4 years did not identify triglycerides as an independent risk factor, but the data suggest hypertriglyceridaemia is an additional risk factor for CHD, when excessive triglycerides coincide with a high ratio of plasma cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol and with low HDL-cholesterol values.