The psychology of science: Motivated processing of scientific evidence, awareness, and consequences

SM Anglin - 2016 - rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu
2016rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu
Although research on motivated reasoning has consistently shown that people's beliefs bias
their evaluation of the quality of belief-relevant evidence (a subjective judgment), few studies
have examined whether people are biased in an absolute sense—that is, in how they
interpret and recall research findings. Furthermore, theorists argue that people are largely
unaware of their bias because they quickly rationalize their automatic acceptance or
rejection of the information; however, the existing evidence in the literature seems to suggest …
Although research on motivated reasoning has consistently shown that people’s beliefs bias their evaluation of the quality of belief-relevant evidence (a subjective judgment), few studies have examined whether people are biased in an absolute sense—that is, in how they interpret and recall research findings. Furthermore, theorists argue that people are largely unaware of their bias because they quickly rationalize their automatic acceptance or rejection of the information; however, the existing evidence in the literature seems to suggest that people may sometimes possess some awareness of their bias. In six studies, I investigated the extent to which people (1) exhibit bias in evaluating, recalling, and maintaining (vs. changing) their beliefs in response to beliefrelevant evidence and (2) are aware of the bias they exhibit. I also examined whether exposure to belief-inconsistent (vs. consistent) evidence reduces general support for science. Participants exhibited bias in evaluating the quality of the evidence but accurately recalled the findings and shifted their beliefs in the direction of the evidence presented. Participants expressed some awareness of their bias, although awareness varied under different conditions. Belief-inconsistent (vs. consistent) evidence reduced
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