Antimicrobial resistance represents a major threat to human health. As a result, we are faced with potential antimicrobial therapeutic failure, thus forcing physicians to use last resort antimicrobials, such as carbapenems, glycopeptides or polypeptides. During the last fifty years, the number of companion animals has substantially increased and there is a growing concern related to the use of antimicrobials in companion animals as a potential source for antimicrobial resistance to humans. Problems related with antimicrobial resistance and infection control in small animal hospitals are mimicking those in human hospitals. Transmission of pathogens or resistance genes such as methicillin-resistant staphylococci, extended spectrum beta-lactamase- or carbapenemase-producing and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae between people and their pets have been documented or suggested. The public health risks associated with the transfer of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from companion animals were recently reviewed by the European Medicine Agency which warned to the existence of antimicrobial resistance microbiological hazards coming from companion animals to humans. The magnitude to which these occur, and the risks posed by the different animal species is still inadequately studied. This is the main goal of the JPI-EC-AMR JTC 2016 Pet-Risk Consortium (Portugal, Germany, Switzerland, UK, Canada) JPIAMR/0002/2016 under the CIISA Antibiotic Lab Team Leader Coordination.