Abstraction is a powerful thing. During the nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution was
built on many powerful abstractions, such as mass, energy, work, and power. During the
twentieth century, the information revolution was built on many powerful abstractions, such
as binary digit or bit, binary coding, and algorithmic complexity. Here, we propose an
abstraction for the twenty-first century, in which there is an emerging revolution in thinking
about business and economics based on a service-dominant logic. The worldview of service …

Abstraction is a powerful thing. During the 19th century, the industrial revolution was built on
many powerful abstractions, such as mass, energy, work, and power. During the 20th
century, the information revolution was built on many powerful abstractions, such as binary
digit or bit, binary coding, and algorithmic complexity. Here, we propose an abstraction that
will be important to the service revolution of the 21st century: the service system, which is a
configuration of people, technologies, and other resources that interact with other service …