Just before the start of the first Congo war, the Canadian mining company Banro had shown
an interest in four gold mining sites in South-Kivu (Geenen and Claessens, 2013). In 1997,
Banro obtained 13 exploitation permits for the Twangiza, Kamituga, Lugushwa and Namoya
concessions. The concessions are part of the 210 kilometer long Twangiza-Namoya gold
belt that stretches out into Maniema Province (Banro, 2014a). 6 In 2007, the company
acquired 14 additional exploration permits, covering large areas around their concessions. 7 …