Objective Characterize the state of the science in opioid policy research based on a
literature review of opioid policy studies. Methods We conducted a scoping review of studies
evaluating the impact of US state-level and federal-level policies on opioid-related outcomes
published in 2005− 2018. We characterized: 1) state and federal policies evaluated, 2)
opioid-related outcomes examined, and 3) study design and analytic methods (summarized
overall and by policy category). Results In total, 145 studies were reviewed (79% state-level …