Micro-nano bubbles (MNBs) are minute bubbles with diameters on the micrometer and
nanometer scale. Along with small size, MNBs have a large specific surface area, high zeta
potential, long residence times in water, and high oxygen transfer efficiency. These attributes
make MNBs more effective than conventional macro-bubbles in air sparging for groundwater
remediation purposes. This paper aims to review recent research on the generation and
properties of MNBs, and its implementation as a groundwater remediation technology. The …