… and SHS exposure in vehicles through direct observation12 13; to our knowledge, only one
cross-sectional study … The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tobacco …

… ) of secondhand smoke (SHS) and thirdhand smoke (THS) … smoking in vehicles, but also
urge for more comprehensive strategies aiming towards the elimination of tobacco consumption…

… Secondhand smoke or environmental tobacco smoke is a combination of smoke from a
burning cigarette and exhaled smoke … users' daily tobacco consumption and support cessation. …

… On the other hand, tobacco consumption in our study was higher when any of the windows
of the vehicle was open, as in previous studies.[13] This may be due to the belief, on the part …

… in your presence in any public transportation vehicles (such … tobacco use and further curtail
secondhand smoke exposure in … , because this study had a cross-sectional design. Seventh, …

… In brief, the TECMA study was a nationwide school-based study that employed a cross-sectional
study design and multistage cluster sampling to select a representative sample of public…

… use of self-reported tobacco use and assessment of smoke-free rules could have introduced
bias. Second, data were cross-sectional… smoke-free vehicle rules and SHS exposure. Third, …

… , air-conditioned eating places, public vehicles, building of Island & … . A cross-sectional study
of secondhand smoke exposure … exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption. …

Introduction Secondhand smoke (SHS) can quickly attain high concentrations in cars, posing
health risks to passengers and especially to children. This paper assesses whether there …

… been exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) [1]. Enacting 100% … studies have estimated
prevalence of tobacco consumption … In our study, taxi drivers reported smoking in the car about …