The study of insect-plant interaction is a complex and dynamic process that employs multidimensional and multidisciplinary approaches. A comprehensive understanding of plant defense mechanisms against insect plunderer is fundamental, to build up a profitable and effective pest management strategy. In the last few decades, the technological evolution of various high-throughput omics technologies (i.e., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) enabled a qualitative as well as the quantitative record of several biological molecules. Transcriptomics involves genome-wide analysis studies that delineate gene expression pattern of cells and tissues. The extensive use of transcriptomics in the field of agriculture offers an excellent route of genomic research beyond traditional “model” organisms. It easily provides accessible and affordable data for almost any organism, both model and non-model plants, which can be exploited in developing pest-resistant crops. This chapter aims to summarize contemporary research conducted using transcriptomics techniques to decipher the mystery of insect-plant interaction along with a brief analysis of its limitations, technological expansion, and prospects of omics in solving the enigma of plant-insect interaction.