This paper considers the semantics and pragmatics of two Japanese adverbial expres sions, yoku and yokumo, instances of which are shown in (1) and (2).'PI" is used to gloss sentence-final particles here and in what follows.(1) a. Yoku koko ni kita na! YOKU here to came PI''You came here, and 1 am surprised/happy that you did.'b. Yoku ore 0 damasita na! YOKU me ACC tricked PI''You tricked me, and 1 am surprised you were able to.'(2) a. Yokumo koko ni kita na! YOKUMO here to came PI''You have a lot of guts to come here!'b. Yokumo ore 0 damasita na! YOKUMO me ACC tricked PI''I can't believe you had the gall to trick me.'