Raw sheep wool contains various impurities such as wax, suint, dirt, and microorganisms. Water-based cleaning process of sheep wool requires toxic volatile organic compounds that generate a significant portion of toxic effluents. Supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) is a waterless technology that has been utilized for sterilization, extraction, cleaning, and drying in various manufacturing sectors. The application of the scCO₂ technology in sheep wool processing is cleaner, as it avoids the generation of toxic effluents. scCO₂ is a promising technology that can be simultaneously utilized in sheep wool processing for sterilization, extraction of lanolin, and cleaning and drying. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential and limitations of the use of the scCO₂ technology for sheep wool processing. Moreover, the properties of sheep wool, the impurities associated with sheep wool fiber, and treatment technology are discussed.