Wearable sensors and the assessment of frailty among vulnerable older adults: an observational cohort study

J Razjouyan, AD Naik, MJ Horstman, ME Kunik… - Sensors, 2018 - mdpi.com
Background: The geriatric syndrome of frailty is one of the greatest challenges facing the US
aging population. Frailty in older adults is associated with higher adverse outcomes, such as
mortality and hospitalization. Identifying precise early indicators of pre-frailty and measures
of specific frailty components are of key importance to enable targeted interventions and
remediation. We hypothesize that sensor-derived parameters, measured by a pendant
accelerometer device in the home setting, are sensitive to identifying pre-frailty. Methods …
Background
The geriatric syndrome of frailty is one of the greatest challenges facing the U.S. aging population. Frailty in older adults is associated with higher adverse outcomes, such as mortality and hospitalization. Identifying precise early indicators of pre-frailty and measures of specific frailty components are of key importance to enable targeted interventions and remediation. We hypothesize that sensor-derived parameters, measured by a pendant accelerometer device in the home setting, are sensitive to identifying pre-frailty.
Methods
Using the Fried frailty phenotype criteria, 153 community-dwelling, ambulatory older adults were classified as pre-frail (51%), frail (22%), or non-frail (27%). A pendant sensor was used to monitor the at home physical activity, using a chest acceleration over 48 h. An algorithm was developed to quantify physical activity pattern (PAP), physical activity behavior (PAB), and sleep quality parameters. Statistically significant parameters were selected to discriminate the pre-frail from frail and non-frail adults.
Results
The stepping parameters, walking parameters, PAB parameters (sedentary and moderate-to-vigorous activity), and the combined parameters reached and area under the curve of 0.87, 0.85, 0.85, and 0.88, respectively, for identifying pre-frail adults. No sleep parameters discriminated the pre-frail from the rest of the adults.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that a pendant sensor can identify pre-frailty via daily home monitoring. These findings may open new opportunities in order to remotely measure and track frailty via telehealth technologies.
MDPI
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