[HTML][HTML] X chromosome reactivation and regulation in cloned embryos

LD Nolen, S Gao, Z Han, MRW Mann, YG Chung… - Developmental …, 2005 - Elsevier
LD Nolen, S Gao, Z Han, MRW Mann, YG Chung, AP Otte, MS Bartolomei, KE Latham
Developmental biology, 2005Elsevier
Somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos exhibit extensive epigenetic abnormalities, including
aberrant methylation and abnormal imprinted gene expression. In this study, a thorough
analysis of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) was performed in both preimplantation and
postimplantation nuclear transfer embryos. Cloned blastocysts reactivated the inactive
somatic X chromosome, possibly in a gradient fashion. Analysis of XCI by Xist RNA and Eed
protein localization revealed heterogeneity within cloned embryos, with some cells …
Somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos exhibit extensive epigenetic abnormalities, including aberrant methylation and abnormal imprinted gene expression. In this study, a thorough analysis of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) was performed in both preimplantation and postimplantation nuclear transfer embryos. Cloned blastocysts reactivated the inactive somatic X chromosome, possibly in a gradient fashion. Analysis of XCI by Xist RNA and Eed protein localization revealed heterogeneity within cloned embryos, with some cells successfully inactivating an X chromosome and others failing to do so. Additionally, a significant proportion of cells contained more than two X chromosomes, which correlated with an increased incidence of tetraploidy. Imprinted XCI, normally found in preimplantation embryos and extraembryonic tissues, was not observed in blastocysts or placentae from later stage clones, although fetuses recapitulated the Xce effect. We conclude that, although SCNT embryos can reactivate, count, and inactivate X chromosomes, they are not able to regulate XCI consistently. These results illustrate the heterogeneity of epigenetic changes found in cloned embryos.
Elsevier
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