One dimensional carbon based materials are emerging as promising but challenging anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we report a facile method to fabricate the porous carbon nanofibers (CNFs) using metal organic frameworks as hybrid by electrospun and calcination process. The obtained flexible and binder-free porous CNFs is 0.8–1 μm in width, consist of discontinuous macropores with diameters of 100–300 nm. The macropores in the CNFs are forming 3D porous networks in all directions. As anode of LIBs, the porous CNFs exhibits a high capacity of 520 mAh g⁻¹ after 200 cycles, and high rate capability of 210 mAh g⁻¹ at a relative high current of 1000 mA g⁻¹. The excellent electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the unique porous structure, which provides fast ion/electron transfer path and sufficient contact between active materials and electrolyte.