… Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin and Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin are … cell rounding
and death. This review focuses upon the recent advances in cellular internalization of clostridial …

… Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are protein toxins produced by various strains of the spore
forming bacteria Clostridium botulinum, C. butyricum, and C. barati and are regarded as the …

… the binding to and initial entry into cells by C2 toxin. Here we present evidence for the binding
of C2IIa to lipid rafts of MDCK cells and the internalization of C2IIa with C2I into the cells. …

… Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin is an ADP-ribosyltransferase, causing depolymerization of the
actin cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells… (C2IIa), which bind to cellular receptors. C2I is able to …

… Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are responsible for a severe nervous disease (botulism) …
BoNTs are synthesized by Clostridium botulinum as single-chain proteins (approximately …

… Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin is a binary toxin composed of … When MDCK cells were
incubated with C2I and C2IIa at 37 C, … , in which acidification promoted the cytosolic entry of C2I. …

… C2II to the surface of target cells requires cleavage of C2II by … of endosomal acidification
for cell entry. In the presence of … Our data indicate that entry of C2 toxin into cells involves (i) …

… mediate the entry of the BoNT type B (but not type A or E) into PC12 cells (43… Clostridium
botulinum type C progenitor toxin plays an essential role in binding of toxin to the epithelial cells …

… Schematic comparison of the cell entry and dissemination pathways of botulinum neurotoxins
(BoNTs) and tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT). BoNTs undergo transcytosis through intestinal …

… botulinum toxin complex was assessed using cell count reagent SF (Nacalai Tesque). This
assay is based on the cellular … cells from their basolateral membrane after initial entry through …