Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family that generally remains unnoticed in the human body, but can be severely pathogenic in immunocompromised patients [1]. HCMV can be transmitted by direct contact with bodily fluids such as saliva, tears, urine, stool, semen and breast milk [2]. As a species-specific disease, human cytomegalovirus can be found in all organs and bodily fluids, and therefore can lead to infection in developing infants (Figure 1). HCMV is found to be one of the leading congenital diseases affecting children by causing deafness, learning disabilities, and mental retardation [3]. Moreover, HCMV is capable of remaining latent after infection until death, and is responsible for different types of cancer, such as prostate cancer [4]. The seroprevalence of HCMV is similar to most sexually-transmitted viruses and impacts the elderly and those of lower socioeconomic status. More than half of HCMV prevalence is for individuals older than 6 years old, and prevalence dramatically increases as socioeconomic status decreases [5]. Current research is aimed towards developing a vaccine against HCMV, one that specifically induces deletions in the virus’ genome and prevents the virus from avoiding natural immunity development [6]. The direct relationship between HCMV and cancer remains undiscovered. Although researchers have identified which cell cycle mechanisms the virus modifies, there is still no evidence for direct causation of cancer [34].