… Here we show that the SARS-CoV-2 infection down-regulates ACE2 in vivo in an animal …
the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses induce ACE2 degradation both in vitro and in vivo. …

… As part of innate immune defenses, macroautophagy/autophagy targets viruses and viral
components for lysosomal degradation and exposes pathogen-associated molecular patterns …

… -2 infection-induced accumulated autophagosomes promote progeny virus … lysosomes
to promote viral replication. Taken together, our study reveals a mechanism by which SARS-CoV-…

… and provokes the release of cathepsins to the cytoplasm, impairing lysosomal degradation
capacity. Furthermore, SARS-CoV ORF3a induces TFEB translocation to the nucleus and an …

… We also observed that expression of α- synuclein, whose levels are maintained by autophagy
and lysosomal degradation,40 was increased in neurons in ORF3a- expressing brain. …

… (CRS) [62]; therefore, these findings suggest that a rapid and severe deterioration during
SARS-CoV-2 infection into COVID-19 is associated with CRS/cytokine storm syndrome [63,64]. …

… First, lysosome is the key organelle responsible for degradation of cargos delivered via
various forms of autophagy as well as via the endocytic pathway 22 , 23 . Second, …

… Autophagy is an intracellular lysosomal degradation … SARS-CoV-2 and identified that ORF3a
strongly inhibited autophagic flux by blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes…

… SARS-CoV-1, which led to the SARS outbreak in 2002–2003, did not de-acidify endolysosomes
(Figure 1D). To further assess lysosome … the percentage of lysosomes containing the pH-…

… pathway and/or lysosome-mediated exocytosis. In this review, we will focus on how SARS-CoV-2
viral … system—the autophagic degradation pathway—to evade destruction and benefit …