Our incomplete understanding of the causes and pathways involved in the onset and
progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) limits our ability to effectively treat this complex …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central
nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease triggered by environmental factors that act
on a genetically susceptible host. It features three clinical stages: a pre-clinical stage …

Although the cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) has remained obscure, many findings support
an autoimmune pathogenesis on the background of a complex interaction between multiple …

Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common causes of chronic neurological disability
beginning in early to middle adult life. Multiple sclerosis is idiopathic in nature, yet …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by both
inflammation and axonal degeneration. The resulting demyelination and subsequent …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the CNS that is characterized by inflammation,
demyelination and axonal injury. Although the etiology of MS is still unknown, many findings …

Two decades of clinical experience with immunomodulatory treatments for multiple sclerosis
point to distinct immunological pathways that drive disease relapses and progression. In …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that is characterized by the inappropriate
invasion of lymphocytes and monocytes into the central nervous system (CNS), where they …

Recent years have witnessed a remarkable growth in literature related to the biology and
treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The focus of this article is on aspects of the human …