Aging leads to a gradual dysregulation of immune functions, one consequence of which is
reduced vaccine efficacy. In this review, we discuss several key contributing factors to the …

The ability of the human immune system to protect against infectious disease declines with
age and efficacy of vaccination reduces significantly in the elderly. Aging of the immune …

Vaccination, being able to prevent millions of cases of infectious diseases around the world
every year, is the most effective medical intervention ever introduced. However …

Immunosenescence refers to the inability of an aging immune system to produce an
appropriate and effective response to challenge. This immune dysfunction may manifest as …

Aging is characterized by significant immune remodeling at both cellular and molecular
levels, also known as immunosenescence. Older adults often manifest a chronic low-grade …

It is widely accepted that ageing is accompanied by remodelling of the immune system,
including reduced numbers of naïve T cells, increased senescent or exhausted T cells …

A number of protective immune functions decline with age along with physiological and
anatomical changes, contributing to the increased susceptibility of older adults to infectious …

The function of the immune system declines during aging, compromising its response
against pathogens, a phenomenon termed as “immunosenescence.” Alterations of the …

An age-related decline in immune responses in the elderly results in greater susceptibility to
infection and reduced responses to vaccination. This decline in immune function affects both …

With increasing age, the ability of the adaptive immune system to respond to vaccines and to
protect from infection declines. In parallel, the production of inflammatory mediators …