With increasing age, the human immune system undergoes characteristic changes, termed
immunosenescence, which lead to increased incidence and severity of infectious diseases …

With a falling birth rate and increasing life expectancy we are experiencing dramatic
demographic changes that result in an ever ageing population. Aging is accompanied by …

The sharp increase of life expectancy and the increasing ratio of ageing population pose
new challenges for the public health system. The elderly suffer from more frequent and …

The increasing ratio of ageing population poses new challenges to healthcare systems. The
elderly frequently suffer from severe infections. Vaccination could protect them against …

The unprecedented increase of life expectancy challenges society to protect the elderly from
morbidity and mortality making vaccination a crucial mean to safeguard this population …

Immunosenescence contributes to a decreased capacity of the immune system to respond
effectively to infections or vaccines in the elderly. The full extent of the biological changes …

Immunosenescence results in populating immune tissues with less functional T cells, and
perhaps B cells dendritic cells, that do not function well and produce more type 2 cytokines …

Human aging is a multifactorial phenomenon that affects numerous organ systems and
cellular processes, with the immune system being one of the most dysregulated …

Until the mid-20th century, infectious diseases were the major cause of morbidity and
mortality in humans. Massive vaccination campaigns, antibiotics, antivirals, and advanced …

Aging leads to dysregulation of multiple components of the immune system that results in
increased susceptibility to infections and poor response to vaccines in the aging population …