Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are key signaling pathways involved in
the regulation of normal cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Aberrant regulation of …

Among mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades, the
extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway has received the most attention in the …

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, often known as the RAS-RAF-MEK-
ERK signal cascade, functions to transmit upstream signals to its downstream effectors to …

The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling cascade is essential for cell inter-and intra-
cellular communication, which regulates fundamental cell functions such as growth, survival …

Abstract The RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK pathway is the most well-studied of the MAPK cascades
and is critical for cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Abnormalities in regulation …

Abstract The RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK, or ERK signaling pathway propagates signals through
an intracellular signal transduction cascade. Since approximately one third of human …

Molecular target inhibitors have been regularly approved by Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) for tumor treatment, and most of them intervene in tumor cell proliferation and …

The RAF–MEK–ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is aberrantly
activated in a diverse set of human cancers and the RASopathy group of genetic …

The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway mediates cellular
responses to different growth signals and is frequently deregulated in cancer. There are …

The identification of intracellular signaling cascades important for the growth and survival of
cancer cells has led to the development of targeted cancer therapeutics aimed at blocking …