The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria constitutes a permeability barrier that
protects the cell from exterior hazards, but also complicates the uptake of nutrients. In the …

The possession of specialized iron transport systems may be crucial for bacteria to override
the iron limitation imposed by the host or the environment. One of the most commonly found …

▪ Abstract Iron is an essential element for most organisms, including bacteria. The oxidized
form is insoluble, and the reduced form is highly toxic for most macromolecules and, in …

The insolubility of Fe 3+ necessitates special mechanisms for iron acquisition in most
organisms. Bacteria use siderophores to chelate Fe 3+ and iron in heme, hemoglobin …

Iron is an essential trace element for most organisms. A common way for bacteria to acquire
this nutrient is through the secretion of siderophores, which are secondary metabolites that …

Iron nutrition in microbes and higher organisms has become a most fascinating topic in
microbiology and biotechnology. Extensive studies in a variety of microorganisms have …

Bacteria secrete small molecules known as siderophores to acquire iron from their
surroundings. For over 60 years, investigations into the bioinorganic chemistry of these …

Siderophores are biosynthetically produced and secreted by many bacteria, yeasts, fungi
and plants, to scavenge for ferric iron (Fe 3+). They are selective iron-chelators that have an …

Bacteria solve the iron supply problem caused by the insolubility of Fe3+ by synthesizing
iron-complexing compounds, called siderophores, and by using iron sources of their hosts …

Siderophores (from the Greek:“iron carriers”) are defined as relatively low molecular weight,
ferric ion specific chelating agents elaborated by bacteria and fungi growing under low iron …