A serious effort has been made to identify and characterize mutations that frequently occur
during the evolution of primary human breast cancer. Some of these mutations involve …

Studies of mammary tumorigenesis in mice infected with the mouse mammary tumor virus
and in certain strains of transgenic mice with an activated oncogene have provided strong …

The etiology of breast cancer has been linked in the past to a number of “macroscopic”
events which include the family history of cancer, benign breast disease, reproductive …

The etiology of human breast cancer is thought to involve a complex interplay among
genetic, hormonal, and dietary factors that are superimposed on the physiological status of …

A systematic study of primay human breast tumor DNA demonstrated that three proto‐
oncogenes or regions of the genome c‐myc, int‐2, and c‐erbB2) are frequently amplified …

In breast cancer patients it is now commonly accepted that several factors in their history and
physiological status can provide the selective environment for the clonal outgrowth …

Background. Human breast cancers frequently show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and/or
amplification at specific chromosomal regions. Methods. To investigate the roles of these …

Approximately 5% of all breast cancers are due to one of the high-risk breast cancer genes
BRCA1 and BRCA2, or possibly to a third or fourth moderate-to high-risk gene (s). A further …

The clinical progression of human breast cancer almost certainly reflects accumulated
molecular defects in specific genes that are important in regulating normal breast tissue …

Through recent advances in molecular biology, differences between cancer cells and their
normal counterparts can now be analyzed at the molecular genetic level, These assays …