Infections by Gram-negative pathogens are usually difficult to manage due to the drug export
by efflux pumps. With the evolution and horizontal transfer of efflux pumps, there is an urgent …

Infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens are difficult to manage due to their antibiotic
resistance. Efflux pumps, which transport intracellular toxins out of the cytoplasm, play an …

Multidrug resistance poses a major challenge to antibiotic therapy. A principal cause of
antibiotic resistance is through active export by efflux pumps embedded in the bacterial …

Abstract Efflux pump of Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) is widely distributed in bacteria,
while its role in regulating antibiotic resistance of nosocomial pathogen Klebsiella …

Drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa efflux pump extrudes antibiotics from cells for
survival. Efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) thus becomes an interesting alternative to handle the …

Efflux pumps are one of the major contributors in the intrinsic multidrug resistance of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These active transporters, localized in the cytoplasmic …

Efflux is a natural process found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that removes a
diverse range of substrates from inside to outside. Many antibiotics are substrates of …

Abstract Multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria pose significant challenges to the
public health. Various factors are involved in the development and spread of MDR strains …

MexAB‐OprM efflux pumps, found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, play a major role in drug
resistance by extruding out drugs and antibiotic molecules from cells. Inhibitors are used to …

Multidrug efflux pumps are inner membrane transporters that export multiple antibiotics from
the inside to the outside of bacterial cells, contributing to bacterial multidrug resistance …