We investigated an intrauterine influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on
childhood bone mass. Daughters, but not sons, of mothers who smoked had higher bone …

We assessed the intrauterine influence of maternal smoking on childhood bone mass by
comparing parental prenatal and postnatal smoking habits. We observed higher bone mass …

There have been no studies of smoking during pregnancy and bone mineralization in
children. The objective of this population‐based longitudinal study was to determine …

Background Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with short-term and also long-
term harmful effects on offspring. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the …

Conditions during gestation, such as maternal smoking, may affect offspring's bone
structure. This could increase the offspring's risk of bone fractures during childhood. In this …

In children there is limited understanding about the biological and environmental risk factors
of fractures. Therefore, we aimed to study the effect of maternal smoking on preschool …

Maternal smoking during pregnancy has detrimental effects on fetal development. The
current review examined the differences in offspring's bone mineral density (BMD) between …

Evidence is accumulating that intrauterine growth and development may influence an
individual's risk of osteoporosis in later adult life. To examine maternal and paternal …

This study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on
the risk of bone fractures in the offspring through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The …

The aim of this birth cohort study was to determine whether early life factors (birth weight,
breastfeeding, and maternal smoking) were associated with bone mass and fractures in 16 …