This paper reports the clinical experiences and preliminary observations from implanted
microstimulators used to reduce some impairments following a stroke. Ongoing research …

Purpose/Hypothesis: The two studies reported here evaluate the effectiveness of electrical
stimulation in the management of long standing stroke impairments in a home-based …

The objective of this study was to assess the usability and safety of BION injectable
neuromuscular microstimulators for therapeutic electrical stimulation (TES) to treat two …

Object The purpose of this study was to describe a novel technology for implantable
neuromuscular stimulation to treat complications of paralysis and disuse atrophy, including …

BIONs have now been used in clinical trials for more than two years. BIONs are injectable
microstimulators that can be used to provide exercise and return of function to paralyzed or …

We have been using microminiature, single-channel, leadless, RF-powered stimulators
called BIONs/sup TM/, in three clinical trials to strengthen muscles weakened by disuse …

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) has been used to facilitate movement in people who
have suffered an upper motor neuron lesion since Liberson designed the first drop-foot …

Turk R, Burridge JH, Davis R, Cosendai G, Sparrow O, Roberts HC, Hughes AM, Schulman
J. Therapeutic effectiveness of electric stimulation of the upper-limb poststroke using …

Therapeutic functional electrical stimulation has been shown to be effective in improving
upper limb function post-stroke and when stimulation is associated with a patient's own …

BIONs/spl trade/are individually addressable, single channel electrical stimulators that can
be injected into one or more muscles through a 12-gauge hypodermic needle. They receive …