Context Inhaled anticholinergics (ipratropium bromide or tiotropium bromide) are widely
used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but their effect on the …

BACKGROUND: There are safety concerns regarding the use of anticholinergics in the
COPD patient population. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk …

The majority of deaths in COPD are from cardiovascular causes. Several large randomized
controlled trials demonstrate that inhaled anticholinergic agents ipratropium and tiotropium …

BACKGROUND: Anticholinergics and β2-agonists have generally been considered
equivalent choices for bronchodilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) …

Importance Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and deadly
disease. Long-acting inhaled β-agonists and anticholinergics, first-line medications for …

Background The active-treatment comparative safety information for all inhaled medications
in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is limited. We aimed to …

Background Treatment guidelines recommend the use of inhaled long-acting
bronchodilators to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of exacerbations in patients with …

In the last 2 decades, anticholinergic agents have been generally regarded as the first-
choice bronchodilator therapy in the routine management of stable chronic obstructive …

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently
develop exacerbations, leading to major clinical and health resource use ramifications …

Background Studies have suggested an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality associated with the use of ipratropium bromide. We sought to examine the …