Gram-negative bacteria cause the majority of critically drug-resistant infections,
necessitating the rapid development of new drugs with Gram-negative activity. However …

Bacterial efflux pumps transport small molecules from the cytoplasm or periplasm outside
the cell. Efflux pump activity is typically increased in multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens; …

Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem, rendering conventional treatments less
effective and requiring innovative strategies to combat this growing threat. The tripartite …

Drug efflux pumps play a key role in drug resistance and also serve other functions in
bacteria. There has been a growing list of multidrug and drug-specific efflux pumps …

Bacterial pathogens resistant to multiple structurally distinct antimicrobial agents are
causative agents of infectious disease, and they thus constitute a serious concern for public …

Conspectus Antibiotics are miracle drugs that can cure infectious bacterial diseases.
However, their utility is challenged by antibiotic-resistant bacteria emerging in clinics and …

Introduction The resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family is the most important group of
multidrug efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria. Their inhibition increases the …

Efflux pumps protect the bacterial cell by expelling toxic compounds before they reach
intracellular targets. Because this mechanism actively contributes to the resistance of a …

The excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR)
pathogens in clinical settings and food-producing animals, posing significant challenges to …

Members of the resistance nodulation cell division (RND) of efflux pumps play essential
roles in multidrug resistance (MDR) in Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we describe the …