If the control rate (CR) in a clinical trial represents the incidence or the baseline severity of
illness in the study population, the size of treatment effects may tend to vary with the size of …

The random-effects model is often used for meta-analysis of clinical studies. The method
explicitly accounts for the heterogeneity of studies through a statistical parameter …

When data come from several independent studies for the purpose of estimating treatment‐
control differences, meta‐analysis can be carried out either on the best linear unbiased …

A relationship of baseline risk to treatment effect size has been suggested as a possible
explanation of between‐study heterogeneity in meta‐analyses. To address this question, we …

Perhaps the greatest threat to the validity of a meta‐analysis is the possibility of publication
bias, where studies that are interesting or statistically significant are more likely to be …

Making inferences about the average treatment effect using the random effects model for
meta‐analysis is problematic in the common situation where there is a small number of …

For the meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials or epidemiological studies, in which the
responses are at least approximately normally distributed, a refined test for the hypothesis of …

The results of a randomized clinical trial can be reported using relative and/or absolute
estimators of treatment effect. These various measures convey different information, and the …

Biases in systematic reviews and meta‐analyses may be examined in 'meta‐
epidemiological'studies, in which the influence of trial characteristics such as measures of …

Methodological deficiencies are known to affect the results of randomized trials. There are
several components of trial quality, which, when inadequately attended to, may bias the …