The stalling of WTO multilateralism and the proliferation of preferential trade agreements in
recent decades have drawn substantial attention to the impacts of preferential liberalization …

I test the predictions of Bagwell and Staiger's (1999) theory of the effects of preferential
liberalization on import protection imposed against non-member countries. In contrast to the …

There is not yet consensus in the trade agreements literature as to whether preferential
liberalization leads to more or less multilateral liberalization. However, research thus far has …

How do free-trade areas affect the tariffs that member countries impose against non-
members? There is no consensus in the literature regarding this important question. In this …

Most of the literature on the impact of regionalism on external protection focuses on the role
played by preferences granted to regional partners. In this paper I explore the role played by …

Are preferential trade agreements (PTAs) stumbling blocks or building blocks towards
multilateral trade liberalization? We address this question by investigating the effects of the …

All but one WTO member currently trade under one or more preferential trade agreements
(PTAs). Despite the concern since the early 1990s that these agreements may be a …

There is no consensus in the literature on whether preferential trade agreements help or
hinder trade liberalization toward non-members. We examine the link between preferential …

Rodrik (1995) notes that trade regimes tend to be biased towards import protection, while
the standard political economy models either yield no prediction on the bias of the trade …

Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are characterized by liberalization with respect to only
a few partners and thus they can potentially clash with, and retard multilateral trade …