Background: The proven efficacy of several anti-cholinergics and β2-agonists and their
combinations in both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma strongly …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death in the
world today. Bronchodilators, particularly muscarinic antagonists and β2 agonists, are …

Abstract Inhaled beta-2-adrenergic receptor (β 2) agonists and inhaled muscarinic
acetylcholine antagonists are the most frequently used bronchodilators in the treatment of …

Introduction: It has long been known that combining short-acting muscarinic antagonists and
β2 agonists produces additive effects on the lung function of patients with chronic obstructive …

Bronchodilators remain the cornerstone of the treatment of airway disorders such as asthma
and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is therefore considerable interest …

Introduction Strong scientific evidence and large experience support the use of β2-agonists
for the symptomatic alleviation of COPD. Therefore, there is considerable effort in …

The targeting of both the muscarinic and β-adrenergic pathways is a well validated
therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In …

An important step in simplifying asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
management and improving adherence with prescribed therapy is to reduce the dose …

Rationale: Combination muscarinic antagonist (MA)− β2− adrenoceptor agonist (BA)
bronchodilator therapy may provide additional clinical benefits in patients with COPD (van …

Bronchodilators are the cornerstone of pharmacological management of COPD. For patients
whose conditions are not sufficiently controlled by monotherapy, combining bronchodilators …