When spermatozoa, seminal plasma and semen extender reach the uterus and interact with
local leukocytes and endometrial cells, several immune mechanisms are initiated which …

Contents This review attempts to summarize the current knowledge on uterine inflammatory
response after mating in horses, pigs and cattle. Post‐mating endometritis has been …

Contents Seminal fluid delivered to the female reproductive tract at coitus not only promotes
the survival and fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa, but also contains potent signalling …

During the passage through the female reproductive tract, sperm interact with various
compartments and their immune systems. The immune system that protects the female …

Conventional belief holds that an immune response to ejaculate antigens should interfere
with fertilisation and establishment of pregnancy. However, emerging evidence now …

Problem The boar, as human, sequentially ejaculates sperm‐rich and sperm‐poor fractions.
Seminal plasma (SP) spermadhesins (PSP‐I/PSP‐II) induce a primary endometrial …

Declining fertility rates in both human and animals is a cause for concern. While many of the
infertility cases are due to known causes, idiopathic infertility is reported in 30% of the …

Insemination elicits inflammatory changes in female reproductive tissues, but whether this
results in immunological priming to paternal antigens or influences pregnancy outcome is …

In pigs, uterine exposure to the constituents of semen is known to increase litter size but the
underlying physiological mechanisms remain undefined. Studies in rodents and humans …

Successful pregnancy requires a state of maternal immune 'tolerance'to accommodate
antigens expressed by the conceptus. Implantation failure and placental pathologies largely …