Tumor tissue is composed of both cancer cells and stromal cells recruited from normal
tissue. These cells include fibroblastic cells, endothelial cells, and cells of hematopoietic …

Desmoplasia and hypoxia in pancreatic cancer mutually affect each other and create a
tumor-supportive microenvironment. Here, we show that microenvironment remodeling by …

Tumor hypoxia has been established as an independent prognostic factor associated with
poor patient survival and resistance to conventional therapies. Emerging evidence suggests …

Pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment (TME), simply defined as the noncancerous
desmoplastic reaction, is considered a key player in all aspects of tumor growth, and …

Large numbers of neutrophils infiltrate tumors and comprise a notable component of the
inflammatory tumor microenvironment. While it is established that tumor cells exhibit the …

Although immune mechanisms can suppress tumor growth, tumors establish potent and
overlapping mechanisms that mediate immune evasion. Emerging evidence suggests a link …

Therapy-resistance and postoperative recurrence are causes of the poor prognosis in
pancreatic cancer. Conventional therapies have a limited impact on the control of pancreatic …

While research previously focused extensively on the tumor cells, over the last two decades,
the tumor microenvironment (TME) has received increasing attention with a particular …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most lethal neoplasms, is
characterized histologically by expanded stromal components with marked fibrosis. We have …

Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common causes of cancer death.
Hypoxia is an important property of the tumor microenvironment of GC. Increasing evidence …