Soon after the discovery of X-rays in late 1800s, medical community started to become
aware of their harmful effects from over exposure. The need for imaging without radiation …

Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging is an excellent modality for the evaluation of the
musculoskeletal system because it provides high-contrast-resolution imaging of soft tissues …

Because MR imaging provides accurate, clear, and noninvasive imaging for diseases of the
spine and spinal cord, it has become the primary imaging modality in patients with spinal …

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging offers the advantages of multiplanar capabilities,
physiologic as well as anatomic imaging, and some tissue specificity. Since mid-1985, we …

The unique ability of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to visualize injuries of bone,
cartilage, bone marrow, and supporting soft tissue structure makes it ideally suited for the …

MRT is very well suited to the diagnosis of degenerative alterations in the spine. The option
of imaging in multiple planes, the excellent soft-tissue contrast offering tissue differentiation …

Musculoskeletal sonography has recently experienced an increase in popularity for several
reasons. Advances in technology including the advent of high-frequency transducers have …

The phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was discovered in 1946 (1, lo), and
since that time NMR spectroscopy has been widely applied in chemistry and physics as an …